• First decade of the XNUMXth century: small trips (SP, RJ, MG)
• Second decade of the XNUMXth century: long, large expeditions
• Third decade of the XNUMXth century: expeditions through South America

First decade of the XNUMXth century: the Oswaldo Cruz Institute began collaborating with the Secretariat for Agriculture, Commerce and Public Works of the Ministry of Transportation, promoting expeditions to the interior which, led by its main doctors and scientists, accompanied infrastructure works, such as the construction of railroads and the sanitary inspection of ports, and the extraction of rubber in the Amazon, with the aim of reversing epidemics in restricted areas.

Camping. On the right, Arthur Neiva. Cauldron (PE), 1912

1906: Carlos Chagas leaves on an expedition to São Paulo to quell an outbreak of malaria in the region where Companhia Docas de Santos was building a hydroelectric plant.

1906: Carlos Chagas, Arthur Neiva and Rocha Faria leave for Xerém, in the Baixada Fluminense, in a campaign against malaria, where water reservoirs were built by the Inspetoria Geral de Obras, to supply the city of Rio de Janeiro.

1907: Arthur Neiva goes to São Paulo, in the service of Estrada de Ferro Noroeste do Brasil, on an expedition to combat malaria.

1907: Carlos Chagas and Belisário Penna go to Minas Gerais, in the fight against malaria, which made it difficult to extend the Central do Brasil Railroad.
 
1910: Oswaldo Cruz leaves for Ribeirão das Lages (RJ), on a sanitary inspection of the construction works of the Cia. Light and Power

Second decade of the XNUMXth century: Expeditions with the objective of knowing and mapping the nosological picture of Brazilian regions to increase their productive potential aiming at their modernization

1910: Oswaldo Cruz and Belisário Penna head to the Amazon, in a malaria control action for the Madeira-Mamoré Railway Company.

1912-1913: Carlos Chagas, Pacheco Leão and João Pedro de Albuquerque set out on an expedition to assess the health and living conditions of the main rubber production centers along the Solimões, Juruá, Purus, Acre, Iaco, Negro and lower rivers Branco, in an expedition requested by the Superintendence for the Defense of Rubber.

1912 (April to October): Arthur Neiva and Belisário Penna travel through Piauí, Pernambuco, Bahia and Goiás, for topographical reconnaissance and sanitary survey of dry regions, at the request of the Inspetoria de Obras Contra as Secas, an agency of the Ministry of Business and Industry , Transport and Public Works. Studies of the fauna, flora, geography, living conditions and history of the localities are included.

Interior of a rich farmer's house. Main room of the house – Pernambuco, 1912.

:: Access the presentations:

• Scientific Expeditions of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute to Northeast Brazil – Part I

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• Scientific Expeditions of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute to Northeast Brazil – Part II

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• Scientific Expeditions of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute to Northeast Brazil – Part III

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:: Records of expeditions in the Memories of the IOC

:: Access to original articles

• 1915 - Lutz, Adolfo; Machado, Astrogildo. - Travel along the S. Francisco River and some of its tributaries between Pirapora and Joazeiro. mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz; 7(1):5-50, 1915.

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• 1916- Neiva, Arthur; Penna, Belisario. - Scientific journey through the north of Bahia, southwest of Pernambuco, south of Piauhí and from north to south of Goiaz. mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz; 8(3):74-224, 1916.

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• 1918- Lutz, Adolfo; Penna, Oswino Alvares. - Studies on schistosomatosis, carried out in Northern Brazil, by a commission from the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz: report and travel notes. mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz; 10(1):83-94, 1918.

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Press used in the manufacture of mand flourioca – Tigre Farm, Petrolina, Pernambuco, 1912

• 1918- Lutz, Adolfo; Souza-Araujo, HC de; Fonseca Filho, Olympio da. - Scientific trip on the Paraná River and Asunción with return via Buenos Aires, Montevideo and Rio Grande. mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz; 10(2):104-73, 1918.

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• 1927- Travassos, Lauro Pereira; Pinto, Cesar Ferreira; Muniz, Julio. - Scientific excursion to the state of Mato Grosso in the Pantanal zone (banks of the S. Lourenco and Cuyabá rivers) carried out in 1922. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz; 20(2):249-69, 1927.

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• Fonseca, Olympio Oliveira Ribeiro da. - Diary of a trip to the East of Bolivia, from Porto Esperanca to San José de Chiquitos. mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz; 22(1):175-222, 1929.

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Cacimba, in the Bahian locality called Lago, close to Remanso. It was the only existing source; right at the opening you can see two crossed sticks that limit the area where the animals drink. The other was for the use of the population. 1912
 

:: Studies on historical expeditions (available for free online)

• 1998. LIMA, NS: 'Civilizing missions of the Republic and interpretation of Brazil'.
History, Sciences, Health — Manguinhos, vol. V (supplement), 163-193 July 1998.

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• 2007. SCHWEICKARDT, Júlio César; LIMA, Nísia Trindade. Brazilian scientists visit the Amazon: the scientific journeys of Oswaldo Cruz and Carlos Chagas (1910-1913). História, Ciências, Saúde – Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, v.14, supplement, p.15-50, Dec. 2007.

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• 2009. MELLO, Maria Teresa Villela Bandeira de; PIRES-ALVES, Fernando. Scientific expeditions, photography and documentary intent: the travels of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (1911-1913). History, Sciences, Health – Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, v.16, supl.1, Jul. 2009, p.139-179.

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School maintained by private initiative in São Raimundo Nonato – Piauí

• 2009. LIMA, Nísia Trindade. A medical Brazilian: Central Brazil in the scientific expedition of Arthur Neiva and Belisário Penna and in the trip to Tocantins by Julio Paternostro. History science saude-Manguinhos [online]. 2009, vol.16, suppl.1, pp. 229- 248.

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• 2009. SÁ, Dominichi Miranda de. An interpretation of Brazil as a disease and routine: the repercussion of the medical report by Arthur Neiva and Belisário Penna (1917-1935). History, Sciences, Health – Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, v.16, supl.1, Jul. 2009, p.183-203.

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• 2011. VITAL, André Vasques. Rondon Commission, diseases and politics: “Madeira Region: Santo Antônio”, by Joaquim Augusto Tanajura – another vision of Alto Madeira in 1911. História, Ciências, Saúde – Manguinhos,Rio de Janeiro, v.18, n.2, Apr.-June. 2011, p.545-557.

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:: Other references (printed)

• Thielen, Eduardo et al. Science on the way to the countryside: images of the scientific expeditions of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute to the interior of Brazil between 1911 and 1913. Rio de Janeiro: Fiocruz/Casa Oswaldo Cruz. 2002

• Lima, Nísia Trindade Scientific journey to the heart of Brazil: note on the report on the expedition by Arthur Neiva and Belisário Penna to Bahia, Pernambuco, Piauí and Goiás (1912). In: Fundhamentos, Publication of the Museu do Homem Americano Foundation, v.1, n.3. 2003

Sick. The boy is hexadactyl. On the right, case of dwarfism. Anteater (PI), 1912

• Lima, Nísia Trindade A sertão called Brazil: intellectuals and the geographic representation of national identity. Rio de Janeiro: Revan; Iuperj; Ucam. 1999

• Pires-Alves, Fernando The photographic images of the scientific expeditions of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 1989 (1911-1913). Rio de Janeiro: Casa Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz.

• Santos, Fernando S. Revisiting the Amazon: Expedition to the Negro and Branco Rivers retraces Carlos Chagas' route in 1913. Rio de Janeiro: Casa Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocroz. 1996

• Thielen, Eduardo V. Images of health in Brazil: photography in the institutionalization of public health. Dissertation (Master in History) – Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo. São Paulo. 1992